Its a mixed bag of progress.. Image Courtesy: Author The recent Bonn Climate Negotiations, officially known as the 60th sessions of the Subsidiary Body for Implementation (SBI) and the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) (SB60), delivered a mixed bag of outcomes. While progress was made on technical discussions about adaptation and mitigation strategies, a major sticking point remains: climate finance. Stalemate on Climate Finance Threatens Progress Developed countries continue to fall short of the $100 billion annual target set by the Paris Agreement, leaving developing countries frustrated and struggling to access critical funding for climate action. Negotiations are underway to establish a new "collective quantified goal" (NCQG) to replace the $100 billion target after 2025. However, significant disagreements persist regarding the amount and type of funding. Developing countries' demands:  Trillions of dollars annually, with a focus on public funds from developed nations and addressing climate debt. Developed countries' approach:  A broader approach that includes private sector investments and expanding the donor base to include wealthy developing countries. They also resist specific financial targets, citing concerns about changing governments disrupting climate finance plans. These contrasting perspectives remain a major speedbraker for progress on other fronts. Resources from   https://climatenetwork.org/updates/press-releases/  (Climate Action Network) highlight the frustration of developing countries and the urgency for a solution. Adaptation Efforts: Inchworm Progress with Hiccups A framework for adaptation efforts, the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA), was agreed upon at the previous conference, which creates a foundation for roadmap. However, discussions on practical implementation, particularly measuring progress on adaptation, stalled due to disagreements over financial indicators: Developing countries' stance:  Funding to be a core metric, as access to finance is crucial for implementing adaptation strategies. Developed countries' resistance:  Specific financial targets are avoided, focusing on equity and shared responsibility for adaptation. A compromise acknowledging this was reached, but further discussions are needed to establish a clear methodology for tracking progress. Delays in receiving financial support for National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) further hinder developing countries' ability to plan and implement effective adaptation strategies. Image Courtesy: Author Mitigation: Unresolved Issues on Fossil Fuel Transition No agreement was reached on draft conclusions for the Mitigation Ambition and Implementation Work Programme (MWP). The focal point here is whether the program should address the global stocktake call for a shift away from fossil fuels. Developed countries' stance:  The MWP should reflect the stocktake outcomes, emphasizing the need for ambitious mitigation efforts. Developing countries' resistance:  New targets or burdens are seen as hindering their development. This highlights the ongoing tension between ambitious climate action and concerns about economic development in fossil fuel-dependent countries. Just Transition Work Programme: A Stalled Engine in Need of Spark Disagreements regarding the focus of the Just Transition Work Programme (JTWP) resurfaced at Bonn. Developed countries see JTWP as job-centric:  Focusing on creating jobs in the clean energy sector during the transition away from fossil fuels. Developing countries advocate for a broader view:  Encompassing social justice and environmental sustainability to ensure a just transition for all stakeholders. Additionally, no concrete work plan was agreed upon, highlighting the need for stronger leadership and compromise from the developed nations. A more inclusive approach that addresses the concerns of all stakeholders is crucial for ensuring establishment of just transition. Looking Ahead: A Critical COP29 in Azerbaijan Despite the limited progress in Bonn, the fight against climate change continues. The upcoming COP29 in Azerbaijan, a major fossil fuel producer, presents unique challenges and opportunities. Hence, securing a new global climate finance goal and fostering international cooperation on a larger scale will be critical for the conference's success. Concerns surrounding Azerbaijan's role in the fossil fuel industry underscore the urgent need for a genuine commitment to a clean energy transition. Conclusion: Building Momentum for COP29 The Bonn Climate Talks (SB60) served as a crucial stepping stone towards COP29. While progress was limited, technical discussions advanced, and the urgency of addressing climate finance was reiterated. Bridging the gap between developed and developing countries on financing will be essential for a successful COP29. Strong leadership, increased ambition, and a commitment to a just transition are critical to achieving a more sustainable future for all. (This article presents the author's analysis and insights on the The Bonn Climate Change Conference (SB60) and not those of the publisher.) Image Courtesy: Author Resources: From the UNFCCC website ( https://unfccc.int/news/bonn-climate-conference-closes-with-progress-on-key-issues-laying-groundwork-for-cop28 ) Carbon Brief ( https://www.carbonbrief.org/bonn-climate-talks-key-outcomes-from-the-june-2023-un-climate-conference/ ) provide further details on the discussions and challenges at SB60. About the Author Vikrant Srivastava is a Climate Reality Leader, who is actively following the progress of all COP editions. He is a youth voice for sustainable planet.

What appeared to be a home to those happy birds, is now nothing but a cluster of hanging plastic bags. A tree with weaver birds’ nests in the village (Image Courtesy: Author) As we made our way through the vibrant streets of Delhi amidst towering skyscrapers and blaring traffic, a sense of frustration and disdain toward the air quality and traffic jams began to grow within us. Despite being mid-April, the sun was already out with full might, making it a sweaty day and giving an early warning of the heat wave that is predicted to hit later this summer. The relief from the sweltering heat came to an end when our eyes turned towards a banyan tree under which sat an old man selling coconut water. My friend and I walked to the man for the refreshing drink and looked for a reason to stand a bit longer under the cool shade. Even the warm late morning breeze under the tree became no less than a cooler gust, thanks to the sweat and the coconut in hand. A minute of relaxing sent our minds wondering about why we do not have this cool arrangement all along the roads. The stark reality of urban planning flashed before us; it often goes unnoticed how we have shaped or rather de-shaped nature in the urban context. It's like we have forgotten our culture that revolved around the trees. In today’s urban world they have been given space only in the aesthetic terrace pots, artistic hedges and if necessary a few worshiping tokens scattered here and there in the city. We never gave space to the greenery in our tussle to make larger concrete jails for ourselves. Sometimes it makes us wonder if this continues for the coming generation or if we can change the status quo of our cities. The urban population is often considered to be well-educated, behaved, and aware, but we often tend to forget some things that can never be taught in school or college, for they are taught by the deeper instinct of observation and learning. The sensitivity and attitude toward the environment are one such thing. No matter how many books the students have studied on the importance of trees and protecting them, they cannot be translated into action. For there are not many trees in urban areas, to begin with, and secondly, they lack the sensitivity that comes from witnessing their presence in society. A tree with beautiful plastic decorated by responsible citizens (Image Courtsey: Author) Do you remember seeing some tall and other shady giants that were always full of chirping birds, squirrels, and playful children? The summer brought the extra pleasure of the cool shade of mango trees, accompanied by the joy of plucking the unripe fruits. In today’s busy world with hectic schedules, we seem to have lost the humane touch or sensitivity for nature. We seem to have forgotten how to be sensitive towards those species who cannot speak up for themselves. Is our development coming at the cost of sensitivity? Those who have grown up in villages will realize they are lucky to experience the fresh morning air or the ripe fruits plucked from the trees, things which are a rare commodity in this concrete habitat. The heat and loud honking of the traffic brought us back to our senses. As we caught an auto rickshaw before our next destination, we sat pondering upon the memories of our grandparents and how they held a special bond with the trees in their yards and gardens. The day used, to begin with, the worship of the Tulsi and the Neem in the courtyard and ended with the evening lying under the mango tree. Whether one was ill or had some need for extra finance these trees were the first that came to the rescue. We have heard numerous folk stories that trees are happiest when birds come and perch on their branches, chirping away. The branches of trees seem to dance when birds make their nests and call out to their mothers for food. We used to lay under the trees witnessing these marvelous and colorful creatures hopping around for the creation of their intricately-designed beautiful homes. Sadly, nowadays, it appears that individuals are inclined to forgo plantation, apprehensive that they may obscure their homes or produce more leaves and debris to clean up. I recollect a time when they sat together beneath the shelter of a tall oak tree, its foliage swaying softly in the wind. Amidst the fragrance of flowers and the gentle tweeting of birds, children would exchange tales and enjoy leisure time. Those were simpler times when people held nature in high regard and esteemed its beauty. As our rickshaw made its way through the bustling traffic, we were almost on the outskirts of the city. Our eyes gazed curiously over a medium-sized tree with hanging structures from its branches. From far away it appeared like hanging nests of weaver birds, but a closer look was more depressing. What appeared to be home to those happy birds, is now nothing but a cluster of hanging plastic bags. We were taken aback by this visual, it was an open example of the insensitivity of our society. The waste which should have been collected for recycling was outside, hanging, like new nests for the birds. Image Courtesy: Wurli Burli, Pixabay We forget that these trees could have become houses of birds, they had been left alone by our irresponsible behavior. Are we reshaping a different reality for the coming generations?  The children who grow up following us in society; who might never witness the hanging nests of the weaver birds; who will grow up playing virtual games unlike us, and will blossom under a concrete roof rather than in the summer heat of orchards and playgrounds - it makes one question: have we grown so insensitive towards proudly displaying our mistakes at the cost of nature? In our opinion, it is much more about the latter than the former. Today, we constantly read articles about the decline of bird populations in urban spaces. It's a fact that the effect is more prominent on native birds such as house sparrows, red-vented bulbul, sunbirds, rose-ringed parakeets, and collared doves. These multi-faceted factors are responsible for the plummeting populations of urban birds. Some of the studies by scientists show the direct and quantifiable impact of urbanization on urban fauna, while other studies indicate an indirect cause of rising temperatures and modified construction material. Image Courtesy: Author As a society, we need to come to terms with the fact that if we continue down the path of distancing from nature, we are losing touch with the big picture.  A sustainable future for all seems to be a far-off dream in a world, where we are still continuing to throw household waste in packed plastic bags. Our education needs to move from book learning of conservation for on-ground implementation through activities at the school and college levels to help young minds interact and learn from nature. It’s high time we started taking responsibility for our actions and make a conscious effort to protect the environment.  As we continued to look at the pictures from our day in the city, we couldn't help but wonder about the stories they depicted. There are ample stories about our connection with the world around us; connection with nature; our connection with ourselves; the choices we make and their impacts on the environment. This calls for a dire need to look closely and listen to those stories to revive connection. About the Author Dr. Sarika is a dedicated conservationist and climate reality leader from India, driven by a passion for environmental conservation. She has worked on various interdisciplinary projects, including Restoration by Phytoremediation, the Impact of Idol-Immersion in Varanasi, and the Effect of Global Warming on Medicinal Plants in the High-Altitude Trans-Himalaya. Awarded an M.Phil. from Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, for her work on Nanoparticle Toxicity Impacting Freshwater Algae, she is currently pursuing research on Socio-Ecological frameworks related to the spread of invasive species in forest ecosystems. Dr. Sarika writes scientific articles and conservation stories to share knowledge and raise awareness in the community. Her research focuses on exploring sustainable management strategies for invasive species, considering both environmental and social aspects, recognizing that conservation efforts succeed with community participation. She believes that an interdisciplinary research approach and unwavering dedication to ecological conservation can foster a global conservation community.

The report emphasizes the importance of mapping and safeguarding critical locations essential for breeding, feeding, and stopovers. Image Courtesy: Garten, Pixabay The inaugural ceremony of the State of the World's Migratory Species report, commissioned by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) for the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), underscored that the global significance of migratory species across diverse ecosystems, including oceans, land, and skies. The report highlights alarming trends, revealing that nearly half of the migratory species are experiencing population declines, with one in five facing imminent extinction due to human activities. The primary threats to migratory species identified in the report are overexploitation and habitat loss caused by human actions. Habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation affect three-quarters of CMS-listed species, while seven out of ten are impacted by overexploitation. Pollution, climate change, and invasive species further compound these challenges. Urgent and coordinated efforts are advocated to protect, connect, and restore habitats, mitigate overexploitation, reduce environmental pollution, address climate change, and extend conservation efforts to all species in need. The report emphasizes the importance of mapping and safeguarding critical locations essential for breeding, feeding, and stopovers. Despite the fact that nearly 10,000 Key Biodiversity Areas being vital for migratory species, more than half are not designated as protected areas, and 58% of monitored sites are under threat due to human activities. Image Courtesy: UN Report on Migratory Species According to the IUCN Red List, one in five CMS-listed species are threatened with extinction and many are undergoing population declines. Extinction risk is rising for CMS-listed species, with considerably more species deteriorating than improving between 1988 and 2020. Across the wider group of all migratory species, levels of extinction risk are also escalating. This report further indicates there are at least 399 globally threatened or Near Threatened migratory species that are not yet benefitting from the international protection afforded by the Convention. Addressing climate change is a priority; hence, it is highlighted here, urging nations to fulfil international commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance carbon stocks in vegetation and soils. The report stresses the need to future-proof vital sites against climate change effects and implement dynamic management measures to adapt to shifting migration patterns. Efforts to mitigate the impacts of renewable energy infrastructure expansion on migratory species are also emphasized. The report underscores the essential role of migratory species in maintaining healthy ecosystems, with billions of animals undertaking remarkable journeys across thousands of miles each year, linking different parts of the world. The State of the World's Migratory Species report offers a comprehensive overview of the conservation status, trends, and key pressures facing migratory species. It highlights ongoing conservation efforts and emphasizes the urgent need for coordinated action to safeguard these vital components of global biodiversity. Through their extraordinary journeys, migratory species offer invaluable insights into the interconnectedness of ecosystems and the profound changes affecting our planet. Access the complete report here. Author Rituraj Phukan is an environmental writer, adventurer & naturalist based out of Assam. He serves as the National Coordinator for Biodiversity, The Climate Project Foundation, and is a member of the IUCN.

By balancing economic transition with climate adaptation, banks can better align with India's evolving needs and mitigate climate risks more effectively in the future. Image Courtesy: Pixabay With the growing urgency of the climate crisis, all forces and consolidated efforts are required to build adaptation scenarios while continuing efforts for mitigation. The banking sector plays a crucial role in climate change mitigation & adaptation by financing activities that either contribute towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions or build resilience within the community. ‘Green finance’ or ‘climate finance’ is required to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through investments in projects & sectors that reap environmental benefits. According to the Green Climate Fund, ‘The Financial sector plays a fundamental role in mobilizing the resources necessary to finance a low carbon economy, both through their activity as financial intermediaries and their role within the creation and placement of negotiated instruments in the markets’. For countries such as India, climate finance is required to strengthen infrastructure for development in sectors such as renewable energy, transportation (such as EVs), power, telecommunication, water management and sanitation. Image Courtesy: Nattan23, Pixabay At the COP28 recently, the UAE Leaders Declaration was announced for the promotion of a global climate financing network. The declaration calls on countries & non-country stakeholders to ensure the doubling of adaptation finance to ensure that the $100 billion goal on climate finance is achieved. Internationally, multilateral development banks (also known as the MDBs) provide low and middle-income countries that face adverse climate impacts with concessional and non-concessional funding. These group of MDBs include African Development Bank (AfDB), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), the Council of Europe Development Bank (CEB), the European Investment Bank (EIB), the World Bank Group (WBG) and others. Image Courtesy: Pixabay Multilateral Development Banks Financing is tracked through two components which include adaptation finance and financing from mitigation projects. In 2022, the multilateral development banks reported a total of $74.2 billion in financial commitments  out of which $37.9 billion (51%) has been committed to low and middle-income economies across sectors and projects. In the same year, the MDBs also restructured their methodology for tracking adaptation finance. The new methodology as agreed promotes transparency in tracking, reporting and supporting climate action, in line with the principles & objectives of the Paris Agreement.  As for the adaptation finance in 2022, 90% has been committed to low and middle-income countries out of a total of $ 25.2 billion. Apart from this, $38.8 billion was also allocated for high-income economies which are not towards specified projects. The climate finance committed to by the MDBs has increased significantly from the years before. In 2020, the MDBs committed US $66,045 million out of which 76 per cent was dedicated to climate change mitigation and only 24 per cent was towards adaptation. Financing for the Developing World India has been a strong advocate for climate financing in the global economy. It has also worked on building its own climate financing infrastructure; however, its banking sector is unprepared to support climate action & tackle associated risks. An RBI survey in 2022 on Climate Risk and Sustainable Finance of the banking sector in India found that. The survey did not reflect a positive image of the India’s banking system in its readiness to manage climate risks and RBI made several recommendations to banks. In a new analysis in 2023 by Climate Risk Horizons, it was found that there hasn’t been any change since 2022. The key findings of the analysis revealed that only 10 out of the 34 banks surveyed have disclosed the quantum of green finance disbursements and only 8 have become part of climate initiatives such as UN principles of Responsible banking, Carbon Disclosure Project, Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (TCFD), etc. None of the banks have yet set a net zero target. Image Courtesy: Sarang, Pixabay With India’s push for renewable energy and a global effort for phasing-out fossil fuel (at the recent COP28), banks now show reluctance in financing newly auctioned mines. According to the Ministry of Coal, in the last three years, 87 mines have been auctioned to private companies out of which only four are operating and the rest await financing. Financial institutions face pressure from the policy landscape of the country and an inclination towards renewables as well are the global demand to reduce exposure to fossil fuel. However, despite warnings from India’s central bank only Federal Bank Limited has excluded coal from its list for loans. While the impact of climate economy dynamics on India's banking sector has become increasingly evident, there remains a pressing need for more substantive actions to integrate banking into climate financing initiatives. India continues to generate 73% of its power from the coal sector. Despite this urgency, India's heavy reliance on coal for power generation poses a significant challenge, as a sudden financial disengagement from the coal sector could disrupt the country's energy supply and impede its developmental goals. Although the RBI has taken active measures for the banking sector in 2022, to promote sustainable financing, subsequent inaction by banks—particularly public sector institutions—underscores the urgency of mandating the banking sector to reallocate resources responsibly. By balancing economic transition with climate adaptation, banks can better align with India's evolving needs and mitigate climate risks more effectively in the future. Author: Anusha Arif is a research associate at the Social Policy Research Foundation (SPRF), New Delhi. Her work mainly focuses on climate change and sustainability. She is a policy researcher and lawyer with an LL.M. in Environment Law. Anusha aims to bring valuable insight into climate change policy and related areas by addressing the world's complex challenges through her work.

Owing to its potential, the Government of India recognizes Blue Economy as one of the ten core dimensions of group under its Vision for New India by 2030. Image Courtesy: Pixabay The term ‘blue economy’ as defined by the World Bank is the sustainable use of ocean resources for economic growth, improved livelihoods, and jobs while preserving the health of ocean ecosystems. In the Indian context, blue economy means several economic opportunities emerging from the ocean & marine ecosystems. Generally, blue economy synthesizes four broad aspects including food security, water resources and conservation, livelihoods, and climate change mitigation. To give a quantified outlook, India with an over 7,500-km long coastline is the third largest fish producing and second largest aquaculture fish producing country in the world. Owing to its potential, the Government of India recognizes Blue Economy as one of the ten core dimensions of group under its Vision for New India by 2030. India’s blue economy strategy and framework can leverage not only economic benefits but also contribute to building climate resilience and mitigation through innovative & environmental consciousness. The Draft policy framework on India’s Blue Economy as presented by the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister in 2020, focused on developing blue economy legislation and enhanced capacities as medium term goals. The draft also mooted for the creation of a National Accounting Framework for collection of data and scientific collaboration for specific tools & technologies and establishment of a maritime development fund. Image Courtesy: Pixabay Another important aspect of the policy framework mentioned coastal tourism, highlighting significant potential along with the need to apply the carrying capacity of coastal ecosystems especially in fragile island territories. For example, it argued for the establishment of impact assessments to map tourist arrivals, infrastructure, and major attractions along with benchmarking standards such as eco-labelling, sustainability procedures and waste management systems for beaches. Key Sectors of the Blue Economy Blue economy in India covers many sectors & industries. At current, the blue economy in India account for roughly 4% of the GDP. Among the exhaustively long list of sectors that are fundamental in improving the blue economy mechanism of the country are water transport, fishery & aquaculture, mineral exploration, coastal management & governance. Shipbuilding and shipping are also important aspects of blue economy in India. Image Courtesy: Pixabay Fisheries sector is one of the most important sectors that contributes not only to the economy and livelihoods but also to food security in the country. The fishing industry in India remains heavily dependent on capturing fish for its 11 million metric tonne supply which however does not match the growing demand of about 18 million metric tonnes for fish. Mariculture is a specialized branch of aquaculture which uses captive breeding and mass production technologies for high-value marine fish species. Currently, marine aquaculture remains limited in practice in India. Another practice of saline water aquaculture traditionally practiced in West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, and Tamil Nadu called Brackish water fish farming is also on the rise in the country. The government set up an action plan for Mission Brackish Water/Saline Aquaculture in 2017.  In its plan, the government identified additional states such as Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Haryana, Punjab, Goa, and Gujarat for implementation of the practice. A key sector highlighted by the government’s draft policy on Blue Economy is that of Marine Tourism   which aims to use the example of European Union to develop its maritime and coastal tourism sector. The EU Communication had addressed some key challenges of improving knowledge through specific indicators and addressing volatile tourism demand. It thus provided a blueprint to focus on tourism in a fragile ecosystem with environmental pressures. Challenges and Opportunities Adopting a blueprint from the EU comes with its own challenges of understanding localized challenges for India. Much of the blue economy is directly connected to the coastal communities, their practices, livelihoods, and direct impacts from climate change. Thus, it is also important to consider their specific needs & demands in incorporating a policy framework. When discussing the blue economy, it is important to find a balance between taking advantage of the opportunities as well as recognizing the threat to ocean resources due to economic exploitations. Some of the direct challenges are climate change and marine pollution that affect the fishing industry. Enabling tourism can also add to the already aggravating issue of pollution. On the other hand, the blue economy also provides ample resources for India’s renewable energy exploration. The offshore wind energy sector which is being facilitated by the government with projects across Tamil Nadu gives a great opportunity for exploration & use of ocean energy and sea-bed leasing. In conclusion, while the Blue Economy holds great potential for India across sectors and multiple opportunities to harness the vast maritime resources for sustainable growth. However, there is a need for integration of innovative solutions, international cooperation, inclusive policies as well as a well-formed regulatory framework to propel the Blue Economy in India. Author: Anusha Arif is a research associate at the Social Policy Research Foundation (SPRF), New Delhi. Her work mainly focuses on climate change and sustainability. She is a policy researcher and lawyer with an LL.M. in Environment Law. Anusha aims to bring valuable insight into climate change policy and related areas by addressing the world's complex challenges through her work.

Photo Courtesy: Pixabay The 28th UN Climate Conference (COP28) unfolded as a familiar spectacle of diplomatic theatrics, where the urgency of addressing climate change once again collided with the business-as-usual approach. The conference kicked off with seemingly landmark decisions, including the operationalization of the Loss and Damage Fund, backed by around US$ 800 million from developed nations. The result of the first Global Stocktake, a key outcome of the 2015 Paris Agreement, extended its discussions, eventually yielding the ‘UAE Consensus’ that marked the first UN climate deal to mention 'fossil fuels.' Despite these developments, the reality check from the Global Stocktake revealed that the world is far from achieving climate targets. The data collected underscored the inadequacy of current climate actions, with the ominous conclusion that the world is nowhere close to limiting global warming below 2 degrees Celsius, let alone the more ambitious 1.5 degrees. The Loss and Damage Fund, initially touted as progress, raised eyebrows with its US$ 800 million commitment, falling way short of the US$ 100 billion annually that the developed nations had committed to provide developing countries after the Paris Agreement. Adaptation finance discussions also fell short, with a much-weakened commitment to bridge the financial gap. Climate finance, a long-standing issue since Paris, continued to follow the same pattern of indecision. The procrastination in setting a new collective quantified goal, now pushed beyond 2025, showcased a lack of urgency in providing adequate resources for climate initiatives. The discussion on carbon markets, governed by Article 6, continued to achieve challenges, with political disagreements hindering progress. The just transition concept acknowledged the socio-economic impacts of climate change but struggled to address systemic inequalities. Concerns were raised about carbon sinks as well as carbon capture and storage, with many initiatives posing risks of greenwashing and ecosystem transformation. Nature conservation received limited attention, despite its potential as a solution, with investments in harmful activities far exceeding those in nature-based solutions. Photo Courtesy: Pexels On a slightly positive note, businesses showed increasing interest in climate initiatives, as exemplified by the UAE's announcement of the ALTÉRRA fund. However, the overall sentiment remained cautious, with hopes pinned on subsequent COPs for more substantial progress. Amid the cynicism, some silver linings emerged, such as the inclusion of language on fossil fuels and the growing capacity of renewable energy. Adaptation secured a permanent seat at the table, emphasizing the role of science in shaping future climate policies. The conference's outcome left an impression of incremental progress but underscored the need for more sincere and tangible actions to address the looming climate crisis. While striving to build momentum around the positive outcomes, we must ultimately call for an honest acknowledgment of humanity's role in climate change and the urgency for genuine response. About the Author: Parth Joshi is a Climate Reality Leader at The Climate Reality Project Foundation. He is also the National Livelihoods Specialist, SECURE Himalaya at UNDP. He is an enthusiastic expeditioner/ mountaineer, and a nature and wildlife photographer.

A Promise for a Resilient Future for Women, Children and Adolescents on Climate Action and Health Photo Courtesy: Markus Spiske, Pexels The world witnessed an important first for UNFCCC COP28: a dedicated Health Day that saw the agreement of a Climate and Health Declaration signed by over 120 Member States. This development comes as the negotiations for the 28th Conference of the Parties (COP28) on climate change continue to unfold in Dubai. The global health community is buzzing with excitement at this extraordinary promise, which represents a huge step forward in recognizing and addressing the crucial connection between health and climate change. With that mesmerizing achievement, I, Tasnia Ahmed, joined the session as a speaker on ‘Delivering changes by institutionalizing youth participation’ at the Climate Live pavilion by Climate Forward Global, NDC findings presentation in the sessions, followed by the process of Bangladesh factsheet development on climate and SRHR, by UNFPA and session speaker at networking workshop by women and gender constituency. She was also interviewed by the Africa News on sharing the climax of climate and SRHR. Moreover, she joined the climate reality networking reception with the climate reality alumnus. “While the COP28 Climate and Health Declaration does not formally refer to women's, children's, and adolescent health (WCAH), it is important for us to continue advocating for the explicit recognition of the disproportionate impacts of climate change on these diversified vulnerable groups as this remains crucial for effective, just and equitable gender solutions to climate action, and to protect health”, says Tasnia Ahmed, Climate Reality leader, PMNCH Adolescent and Youth Constituency Member,  SERAC Bangladesh Program Manager and UNFPA Joint Youth Working Group on SRHR and Climate Change COP28 Delegate, “Let us not forget that climate change is the biggest intergenerational injustice of our times. We need to be engaged in the decision-making affecting our future.” Climate change is the greatest intergenerational injustice of our times, and we have no time to waste. The aim will not just remain a statement but that governments deliver on their obligations and drive transformative change in each country to ensure better, just, and equitable integration of health considerations into climate policy processes, and of climate considerations across health policy agendas. There is an unbreakable relationship between gender equality, sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), and climate change in terms of consideration of young demands. To effectively address climate change, build resilience, and promote climate justice, SRHR is essential and it must be promoted so that extra resources have been allocated especially for vulnerable communities. Photo Courtesy: Markus Spiske For investors, climate change is a significant source of both opportunity and risk. to reach the CO2 stabilization level that is deemed to be reasonably safe, and also secured for pregnant mothers as salinity is increased in climate-prone areas and polluted air makes it clumsier and a barrier to healthy life. So, investment in climate and SRHR can be the source of empowerment for women. So only .76 finding is not enough where capacity building for women, more advocacy and power authority must be created for young women and adolescent girls. Collaboration and multidisciplinary partnerships are urged, so that SRHR integration can be considered at the country level to global level and disaster policy programs. Gender and reproductive health rights must be addressed in the national plan of action and youth integration is a must for policy and operational plan development so that insights have been shared with full attention. About the Author: Tasnia Ahmed is a youth development expert on public health and climate action working for 7 years professionally and over a decade of volunteerism. She is working as a Program Manager at SERAC. She is heavily involved with the UNFPA Youth Task-force Committee on Population, SRHR, and Climate Action; NDC Reviewer; serves as CSO Asia Representative of the GFF-CSCG steering committee, Country Coordinator of Global South Coalition of Dignified Menstruation, Representative of the International Youth Alliance of Family Planning-Bangladesh, WORTH fellow on Climate Action and Women Empowerment, and Fellow of Climate Reality Leadership Program. She trained up to 13,000 youths and adolescents on leadership, and comprehensive sexuality education, and collected endorsements from 27 Parliament Members to seek support for it. She has spearheaded projects with USAID, Pathfinder International, Plan-International, Rutgers, IPPF, PAI, Dance4Life, Global Affairs Canada, PRB, HealthBridge Foundation of Canada, Nuffic, KIT, and Share-net International. She received the Special Mention Award (Youth Activist) at the Women Leadership Summit 2018. She has represented young people at several international meetings and conferences including COP28, COP27, Women Deliver 2023, Co-Creation Conference 2022, Girls not Brides Global Meeting, COP26, African Regional Forum on Sustainable Development, WHO Youth Town Hall, World Youth Summit 2021 (Online), Regional Climate Summit 2023, 10th Asia Pacific Conference on Reproductive, Sexual Health and Rights, SRHR Knowledge Fair, and International Association for Adolescent Health (IAAH). She is also mobilizing young activists in Bangladesh to raise awareness about the importance of nutrition and advocate for it at both the local and national levels. She is the national coordinator of the Youth Coalition of Climate Justice (YCCJ) in Bangladesh and facilitates 27 civil society organizations for climate action. She is the Global Vice-versa Champion.

Hosted this year by the United Arab Emirates, a nation traditionally associated with fossil fuels, and with 2023 being the hottest year ever recorded, COP28 set a stage that was unprecedented and crucial. Over 97000 people were present at this Conference of Parties to play their role in this fight against the climate crisis and shape the trajectory of humanity’s future. I had the privilege of being one of them. I was serving as the COP28 Communications Coordinator for YOUNGO, the official Children and Youth Constituency of UNFCCC, I found myself burying myself everyday into the nitty gritties of this global dialogue, taking up Press duties and even organising demonstrations via YOUNGO. COP28, being my first COP experience, on ground, I was determined to make it count. From High Level Interviews with David Carlin, Head of Climate Risk and TCFD, UNEP, and the Al Gore, Former Vice President of the USA & Nobel Peace Prize Laureate to a daily news broadcast to COP28 Periodic Newsletter, the YOUNGO Communications Unit led the way to keep young people across the globe updated about the happenings at COP28 and showcased our commitment to amplifying the youth voice on a global stage. As COP28 was slowly winding down, from the mighty number of 97000 people just a few thousand resilient individuals remained. Young people still refusing to be silenced, organised protests and actions, symbolising a united front against climate inaction. The fight against fossil fuels persisted. A standout moment was playing a role in the motion of solidarity to express our disapproval of the removal of the “Fossil Fuel Phase-Out” language from the negotiation text. In that moment, surrounded by like-minded individuals, I felt the power of collective action and the significance of our presence at COP28. The aftermath of COP28 presents a mixed bag of outcomes. A definite win emerged with the inclusion of the words "Transition away from Fossil Fuel." However, the lingering gaps in ambition, concrete planning, and guidelines for climate finance disbursement remain glaring issues. Since COP28 began, we have witnessed over 12 climate-related disasters. This serves as a stark reminder that the climate crisis is not a problem for the future but of today whose immediate impacts can be felt in vulnerable regions worldwide. As we reflect on the achievements and shortcomings of COP28, a definite win emerged with the inclusion of the words "Transition away from Fossil Fuel." However, the lingering gaps in ambition, concrete planning, and guidelines for climate finance disbursement remain glaring issues. The hope lies in nations following through on their commitments. Looking ahead to COP29 in Baku, Azerbaijan, I am yet again hopeful for an agreement that embraces ambition, adheres to timelines and science, and ensures that no one is left behind. Sagar believes that the enthusiasm he has witnessed during COP28, empowers his hope to see a better and greener world tomorrow. Author Sagar Kalra is a Climate Reality Leader (batch 2023). Watch his video during COP28 here.

In light of the escalating devastation caused by the interconnected effects of climate change, COP28 was deemed crucial for making a resolute commitment to transition away from the use of planet-warming fossil fuels and to uphold the Paris Agreement's goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius. Unfortunately, disagreements arose over the Global Stocktake (GST), a mandated progress report under the Paris Agreement designed to evaluate countries' collective efforts through policies and measures. The disagreement stemmed from the first GST this year, which will be followed by subsequent assessments every five years. The “UAE Consensus” encourages parties to come forward in their next nationally determined contributions with ambitious, economy-wide emission reduction targets, covering all GHGs, sectors and categories and aligned with limiting global warming to 1.5°C. It also calls on parties to contribute, in a nationally determined manner, to global efforts on tripling renewable energy capacity globally and doubling the global average annual rate of energy efficiency improvements by 2030 and accelerate efforts towards the phase down of unabated coal power. For the first time, the outcome document talks about transitioning away from fossil fuels in energy systems, in a just, orderly, and equitable manner, accelerating action in this critical decade, so as to achieve net zero by 2050 in keeping with the science. Over a hundred countries and civil society organizations were demanding the “phase-out” of fossil fuels to be included in the text, but the compromise must be seen as a progress.Notable advancements on climate finance were scarce during the conference, except for the initiation of the Loss and Damage Fund on the conference's opening day. Attention is now directed towards the development of a new finance regime, with COP29 in Azerbaijan anticipated as the next pivotal stage in global climate negotiations. The expectation is for improvements and progress to come in the upcoming phases. Author: Rituraj Phukan is an environmental writer, adventurer & naturalist based out of Assam. He serves as the National Coordinator for Biodiversity, Climate Reality India and is a member of the IUCN.

Jammu and Kashmir, the picturesque heaven on Earth is not spared from the wrath of climate change. They grapple with severe environmental degradation, largely attributed to human activities like deforestation, vehicular pollution, and industrialization, resulting in pollution and biodiversity loss. According to a study, approximately 14,000 hectares of forest area have been encroached upon, constituting just 10.46% of the region. Image Courtesy: Mohd. Rashid, Pixabay Jammu and Kashmir, the picturesque heaven on Earth is not spared from the wrath of climate change. They grapple with severe environmental degradation, largely attributed to human activities like deforestation, vehicular pollution, and industrialization, resulting in pollution and biodiversity loss. According to a study, approximately 14,000 hectares of forest area have been encroached upon, constituting just 10.46% of the region. Water pollution with human and animal waste disposal degrading the water quality, and shrinking water bodies have become significant concerns. Glacial melting adversely impacts food, water, and energy sectors, a consequence of greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel usage. The region, deemed as an "eco-fragile zone," faces challenges from global warming, unplanned urbanization, and encroachment on water bodies, as outlined in the J&K Environmental Policy, 2018. Addressing these issues necessitates widespread environmental education for ecological restoration. However, on the other hand, we have with us Sheezana Rasool from Kashmir, who has beautifully narrated that despite all the challenges, Kashmir also has a sustainable facet. Let’s hear more from Sheezan. “Agar firdaus bar-rū-e-zamīñ ast hamīñ ast o hamīñ ast o hamīñ ast” ― Amir Khusrau Around the 13th century, a famous Persian poet said of Kashmir, "If there is a paradise on earth, it is this, it is this, it is this." This statement still holds true even today and is reverberated by the travelers who come to experience nature in its most exquisite form in the center of the Himalayas. We live in the 21st century where technology, bioweapons and artificial intelligence is trending. Climate change is happening and people adapting more sustainable ways of living is the only way we can lessen the human made burden on the environment. Images' Courtesy: Author Some of the Kashmir's cultural and traditional practices are enduring and could serve as models for other cultures to adopt. Of the total population of Jammu and Kashmir state, around 72.62% live in rural areas (Census 2011). Therefore, agriculture takes the front seat in terms of occupation besides other sources of earning. Consequently, most of the households have a kitchen garden also. This reduces the visits to the market and makes one shop less which is one of the best sustainability examples in everyday life. However, the climate change has affected the Kashmir’s Agriculture industry is no less than others. Images' Courtesy: Author With reduction in rainfall, the rain-fed agriculture will suffer the most. Horticultural crops like apple are also showing decline in production and a real coverage particularly due to decline in snowfall thermal stress effects, on livestock productivity has its effects. Nearly 1 million families are associated with Kashmir's $1.25-million apple industry as per a study. This major industry in the area has suffered a serious setback due to an almost 30% fall in apple production, leaving farming families with enormous debts (climate change imperils Kashmiri apples, 18 august 2022, DW). Image Courtesy: Author Vulnerability Profiling and Climate Sensitivity along with climate change projections of the J&K needs to be undertaken for better understanding of the climate issues confronting J&K. Weddings are an integral part of every society. The event generally involves several hundred to thousand people. Aah, we cannpt miss our favourite Wazwaan!! Image Courtesy: Author Therefore, making weddings sustainable is equally important. Fortunately, Kashmiri weddings are as sustainable as they are lavish. Owing to our Persian ancestor Syed Ali Hamdani all the meals in a Kashmiri wedding are served in a traditional Trami which is a big round copper plate in which four people eat together (Copper Crafts: Traditional Kashmiri Utensils, march 16 2022, Nation First). This eliminates the need for disposables and can be used repeatedly after washing. Image Courtesy: Author Even in homes food is served in copper utensils only. Plates, bowls, jugs, glasses, spoons etc. everything is made from copper and used from one generation to another. This reduces the need for shopping because they are immune to breakage and spoilage and passed on from one generation to another. Another example of a sustainable culture from Kashmir is the local bread called ‘cxhouth’ that is consumed by the people of Kashmir. Every lane in Kashmir has its own bread maker who is called a ‘Kaandur’. Fresh bread is prepared every day and consumed by the people in same day. As a result, people do not consume the packaged breads therefore considerably reducing the need for plastic packaging. In fact, all the bakery in Kashmir which includes different types of kulchas, baker khani, biscuits, etc. is locally made and sold as such without any packaging while maintaining the hygiene and food safety. We rely a lot on local produces, locally transported and local vendors; hence adding to carbon neutrality/ net zero approach. Consequently, less preservation, refrigeration, packaging, disposal, etc. is required. People therefore favour locally produced, freshly manufactured goods over those that are packaged. In fact, it's unusual to see a Kashmiri purchasing a packet of bread. In our daily lives there is so much that we can do to save our environment and our dear planet by making informed choices about the same. The idea of sustenance simply means everyone is taken care of. Image Courtesy: Author By thinking equally about the interests of our own selves and those we think we have nothing to do with we can promise a better future for us and those who would come from us in the times to come. The ecosystem that sustains us is a combination of things which functions when every part is right in its place. By taking care of some other component we are actually taking care of our own selves and that’s the beauty of nature ‘You are receiving what you are giving away’. Ms. Sheezana Rasool About the Author Sheezana Rasool is an agricultural scientist pioneering change at the nexus of science, women's health, and social activism, particularly in conflict-ridden areas like her native Kashmir. Armed with an M.Sc in Agricultural Sciences, she employs cutting-edge technologies to revolutionize farming in South Asian countries facing climate vulnerabilities. Ms. Sheezana passionately dismantles barriers hindering women's progress in marginalized communities. Coming from Kashmir, she understands the impact of socio-political instability, especially on women. Her journey began with a vision to turn adversity into opportunity, implementing innovative farming techniques to enhance crop yields and environmental sustainability in conflict zones. Beyond agriculture, Ms. Sheezana advocates fiercely for menstrual health in regions where such conversations are often silenced. Recognizing the challenges faced by women in conflict zones, she demystifies menstrual health, providing hygiene resources, benefiting nearly 500,000 women and challenging cultural taboos. In 2017, Ms. Sheezana founded the non-profit "Agaaz International," leading initiatives for women's empowerment in minority groups, tribals, and border residents. Through education, vocational training, and healthcare programs, the organization fosters self-reliance and resilience, narrowing the gender gap. Under her leadership, Agaaz International has made significant strides, empowering women to become community leaders through partnerships and grassroots efforts. Sheezana Rasool's story illustrates the transformative power of merging scientific expertise with a commitment to social justice. Her impact extends globally, inspiring change because she believes that every life must matter, irrespective of religion, creed, or gender. References 1. https://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/jammu+and+kashmir.html 2. https://www.dw.com/en/how-climate-change-threatens-kashmirs-crucialapple-industry/a-62849026 3. https://indianationfirst.in/art-culture-jammu-kashmir/copper-crafts-traditional-kashmiri-utensils/#:~:text=It%20is%20believed%20that%20copperware%20was%20intr

Image Courtesy: Pexels Farm-to-fashion represents a transformative shift in the fashion industry towards sustainability and ethical practices. This approach prioritizes environmentally responsible sourcing, local production, and a transparent supply chain. It intersects with sustainable fashion, mainly through three broader ways: local sourcing, eco-friendly farming, and skill-building. This approach emphasizes the use of locally grown materials, reducing the carbon footprint associated with transportation, supporting nearby farms & local communities, while reducing reliance on global supply chains. In terms of farming, organic and regenerative farming methods promote healthy soil and biodiversity. By upskilling people to produce nature-based dyes, methods and textiles, the gap between demand and supply can be met. This approach not only ensures the quality of the materials but also reduces environmental impact, making farm-to-fashion a powerful driver of sustainable and eco-conscious style. Today, we are here with Prof. (Dr) Binaya Bhusan Jena, National Institute of Fashion Technology (Bhubaneswar), Ministry of Textiles, Govt. of India, to understand the concept and how the fashion industry can bring in a paradigm shift in domain of sustainability. Tell us about significance of Fashion industry and Sustainable Fashion, and how Farm to Fashion integrates well in it. Fashion industry has a symbiotic relationship with human society, culture, trade, economy and employment. Every year, we are adding more than 100 billion pieces of new garments to support the need of more than 8 billion people on this planet. The demand for fashion varies based on economy, climate, and culture with numerous strata, categories, styles, and quality. Today, many countries, particularly the developed countries are importing more than 90% of their clothing needs from the developing world, due to cost competitiveness and variety. The concepts of “season” and “collections” have changed the industry dramatically over the last couple of decades. The rise of “Fast Fashion” on the lines of fast food or use and throw culture, together with the production practices, material uses has put tremendous pressure on the environment. “Farm to fashion” is an inclusive and sustainable approach that focuses on bringing sustainability and equity in the entire fashion value chain. Farm to fashion bridges the gap between agriculture and style: showcasing sustainable & eco-friendly clothing created from locally sourced materials. It's a seamless blend of nature and design. It is a sustainable approach that not only supports local agriculture but also promotes environmentally responsible practices in the fashion industry and promotes a harmonious alliance between style and sustainability. How supportive the value chain is in the process? Value chain is the key to sustainability. If each stage of the value chain is disected and sustainability is ensured, then the final product can also be sustainable toa significant extent. It is not about the product itself, but how the product moved from sourcing raw material stage to the production, distribution of finished product and delivery to the customers, both forward and back integration of supply chain matters. A well-managed value chain ensures that products are created sustainably, efficiently, and with minimal waste, supporting the overall sustainability goals of farm-to-fashion initiatives. It helps connect farmers, textile producers, designers, and consumers, facilitating the flow of eco-friendly and locally sourced materials through each stage of the fashion production process, adding value to the scope of economy of the local entrepreneurs and businesses. Tell us about the interventions carried out in NIFT Bhubaneswar campus in this regards. National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT), Bhubaneswar has picked-up the sustainability theme keeping the handloom clusters of Odisha in mind. The entire handloom textiles historically used natural fibres only with low carbon footprint, similarly the weavers would use only natural dyes extracted from various plant and mineral sources before the advent of synthetic dyes in the 19th Century. Due to climate crisis, the demand for sustainable fashion is on rise. Additionally, it is our individual responsibility to make our stand firm that we are contributing towards a sustainable future. NIFT, Bhubaneswar chose the cause and did the plantation of natural dye-yielding plants and natural fibre-yielding plants. This created a ray of hope when we conducted a few training programmes for the artisans on how to use of different types of natural dyes on natural fibre/ yarns. The response was overwhelming, and many artisans have started making natural-dyed handloom products for domestic and international buyers in the name of sustainable and eco-friendly products. With this in place, we would like to underline that addressing aspects of climate justice is important as the front-liners get intensely affected due to climate crisis. Weaving sustainable practices with revenue generating models can exemplify the sustenance of sustainability. Image Courtesy: Pexels You have planted Mulberry, Arjun and other trees. How Farm to fashion is playing a pivotal role in generative sustainability? A very interesting question. We have a 10 plus acres’ campus surrounded by another private university campus. The campus was a mountainous terrain full of big rocks and uneven surface with only around 5 percent green coverage near the boundaries. In the beginning the campus authority was reluctant for plantation as the internal roads and other construction projects were planned to come at different locations in the campus. People suggested for beautification of the campus with seasonal flower plants, but we had something in the mind to gradually build the campus as an exmple of sustainable fashion centre. We decided to showcase our students and artisans the process of complete value chain of sustainable fashion from “farm” itself. Then rest just happened… We decided to show a path for non-violent silk extraction, hence did plantation of Arjun, Asan Mulberry, and Castor. These are the feeder plants for three different variety of silkworm like Tussar, Mulbery and Eri. Similarly, we identified native variety of fiber yielding plants like cotton, sisal, pineapple, coconut, palm, kenaf, kapok, okra, banana, lotus, jute, linen, and nettle. This is for the first-time students in any campus in the world could get an opportunity to see the source of different types of fibre at one place, that too in the campus of a fashion institution. Similarly, we also had plantation of 60 different varieties of natural dye yielding plants like annato seeds, indigo, pomegranate, turmeric, kaincha, palash, heena, mahula, kuilari, etc. Image Courtesy: Prof. (Dr.) Binaya Jena Tell us about Farm to Closet, and its significance in Odisha. Odisha has a great tradition of handloom and before the advent of modern machine and synthetic dyes, handloom used to be 100% sustainable from fibre to natural dyes. The deliberate plantation of fibre plants and dye-yielding plants made tremendous impact on the environmnet and ecosystem. They built a system of inclusive growth where the farmer would ensure sustainable fibre and dye production. The processors would transform those raw materials into the desired state for use by weavers and get their due share and similarly the weavers and their family members will make the excusite pieces of textiles for domestic and international market. We have a great maritime history of trading textiles and spices with many parts of the world, particularly in Asia. As Odisha does not have any industrial base for mechanised textiles and apparel, we saw this as an opportunity. In an era of climate change and when Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were introduced in 2015, we aggressively decided to go for localisation of SDGs as a model at NIFT Campus. We implemented the “Farm to Fashion” concept where students and academia collaborated and created an unique eco-system. (Image Courtesy: Pexels) When it comes to Odisha and its geography extending to biodiversity and other natural resources, how fashion industry is in the current scenario and how it can transform in near future? Explain us briefly. Odisha has rich natural, climatic, human, and indigenous resources. We have tremendous potential and opportunity to engage people in production of different types of natural fibres and natural dyes. Moost of these plants are climate-friednly and climate-resilient plants. While these can create income and employment opportunities in the rural areas, at the same time this can also protect the environment to a significant extent. By doing this, we can also arrest forced migration of people from rural and tribal areas in search of employment. If the Government comes forward with a sustainable textile policy in the state whereby farmers will be provided with a support of right variety of natural fibre yielding plants including linen, jute, banana etc., and natural dye-yielding plants, then Odisha can become a role model for the future of the fashion industry. The Government of Odisha has taken a few baby steps in this regard now. This year, they have done plantation of castor plants for [production of non-violent Eri silk. Similarly, last year the Govt made around 1300 kgs of Ahimsa Silk (non-violent silk) spinning in order to make silk-handloom clothing for Lord Jagannath, Balabhadra, Subhadra and Sudarshan. Tell us briefly about the handloom and handicraft sector of Odisha in relation to their relationship with nature. Handloom and handicrafts sector of Odisha comes with an extended lineage, with rich history and heritage. The production and consumption of handloom and handicrafts in Odisha has always remained integral to the nature, culture and environment. Cotton and other natural fibres like jute, linen and Kapok used to be the important fibre crops produced in this region seasonally in order to maintain soil fertility intact and ready for food grain crops. Crop rotation would maintain the natural fertility and health of the soil. The hand ginning, hand spinning, weaving used to be an in-house activity and being done by other value chain actors. The motifs like fish, kumbha (pot), temple, tree, etc., would always represent the cultural fabric of the time and culture of the place. The patterns and colour combination would always be aligned with the nature. How can handloom and handicraft boom keep its cultural and eco-friendly roots intact? Thinking about the prosperity of the handloom and handicrafts sector, I can say that the only way out is to set the narrative right as handloom means sustainable by bring back natural dyes and only natural fibre to produce handloom. It possesses an ever-growing market both domestic and international. The unique motifs, patterns, designs and weaving styles spread across the length and breadth of the handloom clusters of the country can be revived to flourish again only by creating right policies, schemes, exposure, and training of artisans in the cluster. What motivates you to bring in convergence between fashion industry and sustainability? Nothing more than the concern for environment and growing issues of climate change triggers the motivation in me. In Odisha, we are deeply rooted with our culture, traditions, picturesque and food. Think any element of these segments, everything relates to nature. Now overlooking at the fashion industry, it is considered as the second largest polluting industry based on different parameters including GHG emissions, water pollution, microplastic pollution, soil pollution etc. The consumer demand is rapidly increasing necessitating production of products that are fashionable and affordable. This leads to the emergence of fast fashion, whose scales of operation are the biggest culprit makes the fashion industry unsustainable. And the response from the industry is too little and too late, hence, they end up in rampant green washing. (Image Courtesy: Pexels) Throw some light on your personal experience that motivated you to focus on the eco-friendly aspect of fashion. While playing with different natural dyes prepared from locally available plant sources, I found the colours to be very exciting. As a professional in the fashion industry, I have deep inclination towards handlooms and handicrafts, and creative fashion and fusions. I found a natural dyed Kotpad handloom cloth that was at least 70 years old. On inquiring about it further I got to know that the product can be used for generations and at the end it is 100 percent biodegradable. This induced in me the interest to move ahead with the eco-friendly concern attached to our clothing and culture. I found a hope and reason to take this though-process forward as it can create gyres of revolution in the fashion industry. Farm-to-fashion fuses agriculture and style, highlighting sustainable, eco-friendly clothing made from locally sourced materials, creating a harmonious fusion of nature and design. About the Interviewee: Dr. Binaya Bhusan Jena, is an illustrious professor in the Department of Fashion Management Studies (FMS) at National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT), Bhubaneswar. He is also the former Director of NIFT, Bhubaneswar and the Chairman of Textile Association of India (TAI), Odisha Unit. Prof. Jena is widely popular as a sustainable fashion expert in the country, and globally known for his “Farm to Fashion” concept and model. The Indian Parliamentary Standing Committee on Labour & Textiles appreciated his concept of “Farm to Fashion” and recommended the model to be implement across all NIFT campuses. Prof. Jena has published and presented many research papers in numerous national and international conferences and seminars. His initiatives on sustainable fashion is well integrated with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and he has a deep understanding about the impact of fashion industry on climate. His model of “Farm to Fashion” focuses on sustainable fashion value chain from a climate change, climate adaptation and climate change mitigation perspective. The green campus of NIFT Bhubaneswar has been possible because of his personal involvement beyond his official commitment whereby he has done plantation of locally available natural dye garden and natural fibre garden for demonstration of his “Farm to Fashion” model.

In the heart of Kashmir, often known as heaven on earth, lies a land of serene valleys, towering mountains, and meandering streams, adding an exquisite charm to this earthly paradise. Living amid such breathtaking beauty is an experience, for “they say we are a reflection of our surroundings”. Presenting Parvaiz Yousuf, a Kashmiri Kashur, who will share his lens with you while travelling through time machine and show you glimpses of his childhood in Kashmir, while narrating how Kashmir was then and now. Image Courtesy: Parvaiz Yousuf “Pampore, my beloved hometown nestled amidst saffron fields, has been the cradle of my existence that has shaped me into who I am today,” shares Parvaiz. In his blog he mentions that surrounded by the majestic Zabarwan mountains, with four serene satellite wetlands just a leisurely stroll away, his village exudes the very essence of nature's beauty. As he recounts his childhood and begins the narration, you'll find that every memory is intricately woven with the tapestry of nature. Parvaiz is enthusiastic about avians since his childhood. He has authored an informative book, “Birds of Jammu & Kashmir,” which is about different bird species found in Kashmir. While going through his article, I came across an instance where he shares that in the heart of Pampore, within the expansive embrace of the Chatlam Wetland Reserve (CWR), he has witnessed a grand congregation of migratory birds that would grace the wetland with their unique calls and vibrant plumage. I can imagine the awe-struck sight of it, but think, he witnessed it. Amazing! Image Courtesy: Parvaiz Yousuf He mentions that he learnt the English names of the birds during his Master's Degree in Zoology, Central University of Kashmir. He shares a personal connection with Mallard (Pachun/ “Aasmaen Batuk” in Kashmiri) and Greylag goose (Anser anser). Greylag geese are large grey geese with a pinkish-orange bill and pink legs. “I’ve heard most stories about them from my grandfather,” he shared. Talking about sustainability and tourism, he mentions that the natural biodiversity of the lake has a lot of potential for bird tourism. In 2013, the administration transferred the management of Pampore's four wetland reserves: Chatlam Wetlands Reserve, Fashkoori Wetlands Reserve, Manibaug Wetlands Reserve, and Krenchoo Wetlands Reserve, to the Jammu & Kashmir Wildlife Department, pushing forward the agenda of ushering in an era of ecotourism. While talking about his favourite pastime i.e., Fishing, he shares that the trickiest part of it was crafting the fishing rods ("Brislai"). The main species of fish found in the lake were Common Carp, Grass Carp, and Schizothorax (Kashir Gaad in Kashmiri), Gambusia in a very few numbers. His inclination towards saffron cultivation is incomparable. Right from the childhood, he was taught how to pluck “Kong Posh” (Kashmiri name of saffron flowers). Regrettably, this cherished place has gradually waned due to floods, change in the temperatures, climate and much more. However, the beauty persists, and naturalists like Parvaiz and many are trying their best to protect and preserve nature in its as much as unbridled form and spreading the word. Come, embark on this journey through Parvaiz’s formative years, where Kashmir’s nature influenced his upbringing and way of thinking as an ever-present companion. Click below to read his story, “A Childhood in Pampore, Kashmir = Tying Knot with Nature Early On!” (Image Courtesy: Parvaiz Yousuf) Get to know about Kashmir's natural richness through the lens of Parvaiz's childhood and enjoy your time-travel with him. Read his narrative article here. Authors: Author of the Article, “A Childhood in Pampore, Kashmir = Tying Knot with Nature Early On!”: Parvaiz Yousuf Parvaiz Yousuf is an author, consultant TCRP, SEO writer, birder, researcher, and science journalist hailing from Pampore, Kashmir. He holds a master’s degree in Zoology from Central University of Kashmir and has an abiding interest in the field of ornithology. Parvaiz also works as a Director of the Wetland Research Centre Wildlife Conservation Fund and aims to pursue a Ph.D. in ornithology. As a child, he grew up near serene Pampore wetlands, which host thousands of migratory birds every year. He also has around a dozen publications in some reputed journals such as Nature, IJMS, BNHS, etc. Author of the Blog: Smruti S Samantray Smruti, a Climate Reality Mentor trained by Nobel Laureate Al Gore in 2015, brings over 11 years of corporate and marketing communication expertise. Her efforts span sustainability education, youth mobilization, and community outreach. She's authored 3500+ articles and research papers on subjects from sustainability to education, and review 100+ books. Smruti holds a Master's Degree in Journalism, a PGD in Urban Environment Management and Law, and a Master's in International Business. She's received awards like "Exceptional Women of Excellence 2018" and is committed to journalism, climate change, and early childhood education. Beyond her work, Smruti enjoys art, poetry, music, and cooking.